上周我們(men) 給了一組袋鼠競賽的題目(見《袋鼠數學競賽題選(一)》),今天我們(men) 給出第二組題目,仍然是每個(ge) 年級組各一題,並附上解答。
1-2年級組
Place each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 into one box so that everything is correct. Which number goes into the box marked with question mark?
把數字1,2,3,4,5分別填入下圖中的方框內(nei) ,使得其中的算式都成立。標注問號的方框內(nei) 應該填哪個(ge) 數字?
3-4年級組
Josip has 4 toys - a car, a doll, a ball and a ship. He wants to put them on a line on a shelf. The ship has to be next to the car and the doll has to be next to the car. In how many ways can he arrange them so that all the conditions are fulfilled?
Josip有四個(ge) 玩具:一輛車,一個(ge) 洋娃娃,一個(ge) 球和一隻船。他想把這些玩具在架子上排成一排。船要跟車緊挨著,洋娃娃也要跟車緊挨著。他有多少種不同的方式排列這些玩具?
5-6年級組
On Jump Street, there are 9 houses in a row. At least one person lives in each house. Any two neighbouring houses together are inhabited by at most six people. What is the largest number of people that could be living on Jump Street?
有9棟房子依次座落在Jump街上。每棟房子裏至少住了一個(ge) 人,而且任意兩(liang) 棟相鄰的房子裏住的人數不超過6人。Jump街上最多住了多少人?
7-8年級組
A bush has 10 branches. Each branch has either 5 leaves only or 2 leaves and 1 flower. Which of the following could be the total number of leaves the bush has?
一叢(cong) 灌木有10個(ge) 分枝。每個(ge) 分枝上要麽(me) 有5片葉子,要麽(me) 有2片葉子和1朵花。這叢(cong) 灌木的葉子數量可能是多少?
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下麵是第二組題目的參考答案和解析。
1-2年級組
Place each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 into one box so that everything is correct. Which number goes into the box marked with question mark?
把數字1,2,3,4,5分別填入下圖中的方框內(nei) ,使得其中的算式都成立。標注問號的方框內(nei) 應該填哪個(ge) 數字?
【答案:E】標注了問號的方框裏的數是最上方的兩(liang) 個(ge) 數的和,同時也是它右方和最下方的兩(liang) 個(ge) 數之和。所以方框裏的數應該是所有數裏麵最大的。
3-4年級組
Josip has 4 toys - a car, a doll, a ball and a ship. He wants to put them on a line on a shelf. The ship has to be next to the car and the doll has to be next to the car. In how many ways can he arrange them so that all the conditions are fulfilled?
Josip有四個(ge) 玩具:一輛車,一個(ge) 洋娃娃,一個(ge) 球和一隻船。他想把這些玩具在架子上排成一排。船要跟車緊挨著,洋娃娃也要跟車緊挨著。他有多少種不同的方式排列這些玩具?
【答案:B】船和洋娃娃都要緊挨著車,所以這三種玩具共有兩(liang) 種排列方式。排好這三種玩具後,球可以排在最前麵或最後麵,所以有兩(liang) 種選擇。根據乘法原則得答案。
5-6年級組
On Jump Street, there are 9 houses in a row. At least one person lives in each house. Any two neighbouring houses together are inhabited by at most six people. What is the largest number of people that could be living on Jump Street?
有9棟房子依次座落在Jump街上。每棟房子裏至少住了一個(ge) 人,而且任意兩(liang) 棟相鄰的房子裏住的人數不超過6人。Jump街上最多住了多少人?
【答案:D】考慮能使人最多的方案。第1,2棟房子一共住6人,第3,4棟也一共住6人,第5,6棟共住6人,第7,8棟也住6人。第9棟房子住5人。這個(ge) 住房方案是可以實現的,隻需第奇數棟房子住5人,第偶數棟房子住1人。
7-8年級組
A bush has 10 branches. Each branch has either 5 leaves only or 2 leaves and 1 flower. Which of the following could be the total number of leaves the bush has?
一叢(cong) 灌木有10個(ge) 分枝。每個(ge) 分枝上要麽(me) 有5片葉子,要麽(me) 有2片葉子和1朵花。這叢(cong) 灌木的葉子數量可能是多少?
【答案:E】稱有5片葉子的分枝為(wei) 第一類分枝,有2片葉子和1朵花的分枝為(wei) 第二類分枝。如果10個(ge) 分枝都是第一類分枝,則共有50片葉子。把一個(ge) 第一類分枝換成第二類分枝,葉子就減少3片。所以,50和最終的葉子數量之差必定是3的倍數,或者說,最終的葉子數量和50關(guan) 於(yu) 3同餘(yu) 。50除以3的餘(yu) 數為(wei) 2,而選項A~D的數除以3的餘(yu) 數都不是2。
評論已經被關(guan) 閉。