IB大考押題：IB生物科目重點內容分享

今年的IB大考已經進入倒計時階段啦，相信大家都已經在緊鑼密鼓的複習(xi) 了！那麽(me) ，你知道有哪些重點是一定要熟讀於(yu) 心，有很大的可能會(hui) 考到的嘛？

去年大考前，我們(men) 的教研團隊也針對大考進行了一波押題，不得不說，這命中率真的是太！高！啦！傳(chuan) 說中的“神仙導師”可能就是這樣了吧

“考的全會(hui) ！”

有一個(ge) “神仙導師師”的優(you) 勢就在於(yu) ——每一個(ge) 考到的知識點都帶著你複習(xi) 過啦！

看到試卷的時候直接鬆了一口氣，這些知識“我！全！都！會(hui) ！”

最想成為(wei) 的IB凡爾賽達人是什麽(me) 樣的？就是在走出考場做反饋的時候輕飄飄的說——

“感覺也沒有很難嘛。”

主要是因為(wei) 導師真的教的太好啦！到底是怎樣的經驗和對知識點的精準把控，才能讓考試的時候考的和導師師上課講的重點完全一致啊

“講的全在點子上！”

是不是很羨慕去年的同學？不要著急~

“神仙導師”們(men) 又帶著他們(men) 的押題來了！最先更新的是IB生物科目的重點內(nei) 容，趕緊拿小本本記下來吧！

這些圖你都會(hui) 畫了嗎？

Drawing required in IB Biology

01

IB Biology SL

Topic 1 Cell Structure

Animal Cell, Plant Cell, Prokaryote Cell

Cell Membrane with Protein

Mitosis Steps (Metaphase, Anaphase)

Topic 2 Molecular Biology

Hydrogen Bonds Between Water Molecules

Formation Of Disaccharides (Condensation/ Hydrolysis)

Formation Of Lipids (Condensation/Hydrolysis)

Formation Of Proteins (Condensation/Hydrolysis of Peptides)

Enzyme-substrate Binding

DNA Structure

Topic 6 Human Physiology

Heart Structure

Phagocytosis

Neuron Structure

IB Biology HL

Topic 8 Metabolism

Mitochondria Structure

Chloroplast Structure

Topic 9 Animal Physiology

Xylem Phloem distribution in plants

Half Animal Pollinated Flower

Half View Of Dicotyledonous Seed

這些科學家和他們(men) 的實驗都了解了嗎？

Biologists and Their Experiments

02

• Davson-Danielli - Sandwich Model

• Singer-Nicolson - Fluid Mosaic Model

• Pasteur- Swan necked Flask

• Miller And Urey - Lightening Carbon Compounds Formation

• Crick And Watson - DNA Structure Double Helix Nobel Price

• Meselson And Stahl – Semiconservative Replication

• Hershey And Chase(HL) - DNA as Genetic Material

• Gregor Mendel- Genetic Crosses, Rules of Inheritance.

• Chernobyl, Hiroshima, Nagasaki - Nuclear After Effects and Consequences

• Dolly - First Cloned Sheep

• Industrial Melanism - Adaptation, Natural Selection

• Dialysis Tubing - Investigation of Membrane Permeability

• William Harvey - Circulation of The Blood, Heart As Pump, Sexual Reproduction

• Florey And Chain - Penicillin on Bacterial Infection

• Calvin - Lollipop Apparatus

• Morgan - Sex Linkage

這些經典問答題你都會(hui) 了嗎？Typical Long Response Question03

Topic 1

• Distinguish between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. [5]

• Outline the therapeutic use of stem cells. [5]

• Explain how the properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes. [4]

• Outline four types of membrane transport, including their use of energy. [4]

• Describe the events that occur during mitosis. [6]

Topic 2

• Explain the importance of hydrogen bonding for living organisms. [7]

• Distinguish between fibrous and globular proteins with reference to one example of each protein type. [4]

• Outline how enzymes catalyse reactions. [5]

• Explain the effect of changes of pH, substrate concentration and temperature on enzyme activity. [6]

• Outline the production of lactose-free milk. [3]

• Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA. [3]

• Explain how glucose is used in both anaerobic and aerobic cell respiration. [5]

Topic 3

• Explain the cause of sickle cell anemia and how this disease affects humans. [8]

• Outline the processes that occur during the first division of meiosesis. [5]

• Explain how males inherit hemophilia and how females can become carriers for the condition. [8]

• Outline the process of DNA profiling. [4]

• Explain the process of geneticlly modifying bacteria. [8]

Topic 4

• Explain the processes by which energy enters and flows through ecosystems. [6]

• Outline how the energy flow through food chains limits their length. [5]

• Discuss the processes in the carbon cycle that affect concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere and the consequences for climate change. [8]

Topic 5

• Explain how evolution may happen in response to an environmental change. [6]

Topic 6

• Explain the importance of enzymes to human digestion. [5]

• Describe the processes involved in absorbing different nutrients across the cell membrane of villus epithelium cells lining the small intestine. [5]

• Explain how the circulatory system is able to transport the blood under high pressure from the heart to the rest of the body. [5]

• Outline how cuts in the skin are sealed to prevent blood loss. [4]

• Explain the role of cells in the defence against infectious disease. [7]

• Discuss the transmission and social implications of AIDS. [7]

• Explain how ventilation and lung structure contribute to passive gas exchange. [7]

• Explain the events that occur during a nerve impulse and how the impulse is propagated along an axon. [7]

• Discuss the control of blood glucose levels and the consequences if they are not maintained.[8]

• Outline the roles of estrogen and progesterone in females during human reproduction. [4]

Topic 7

• Explain the roles of different enzymes in DNA replication in Prokaryotes. [7]

• Explain the control of gene expression in eukaryotes. [7]

Topic 8

• Explain how chemical energy for use in the cell’s generated by electron transport and chemiosesmosis. [6]

• Explain the processes by which light energy is converted into chemical energy. [8]

Topic 9

• Describe how water is transported in Angiosespermophyte. [7]

• Explain how organic compounds are transported within plants. [7]

Topic 10

• Explain how meiosesis results in an effectively infinite genetic variety of gametes. [7]

• Explain how natural selection can lead to speciation. [7]

Topic 11

• Explain the production and role of antibodies in defense against bacterial pathogens in humans. [7]

• Explain the process of muscle contraction. [7]

• Explain the role of the kidney in osmoregulation. [8]

• Compare and contrast the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. [5]

這些術語你都清楚了嗎？Key Terminologies04

Topic 1（滑動查看完整內(nei) 容）

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Organelle

Electron Microscopy

Membrane Proteins

Phospholipid Bilayer

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active-transport

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Cell Cycles

Cancer

Differentiation

Stem Cells

Binary Fission

Cytoplasm

Nucleoid

70s, 80s Ribosome

Pili

Lysosome

Golgi Apparatus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Vesicles And Vacuoles

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Cell Membrane

Cell Wall

Interphase

G1 Phase

G2 Phase

S Phase

Oncogene

Metastasis

Carcinogen

Topic 2

Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide

Lipids

Cholesterol

Amino Acids

Polypeptide

DNA Replication

Transcription

Translation

Cell Respiration

Photosynthesis

Chromatography

Hydrolysis

Anabolism

Catabolism

Monomer

Hydrogen Bond

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

Cohesion

Adhesion

Sucrose

Glucose

Galactose

Fructose

Cellulose

Glycogen

Starch

Steroids

Saturated

Unsaturated

Cis Unsaturated

Trans Unsaturated

BMI

Denaturation

Topic 3&4

Chromosomes

Karyograms

Meiosesis

Genetic variation

Autosome

Genetic diseases

Sex-linkage

Co-dominance

Mutation

Gene

Allele

Gene Sequencing

DNA profiling

Genetic modification

Cloning

Cystic fibrosis

Huntington's disease

Monohybrid cross

Species

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Abiotic environment

Intraspecific interaction

Interspecific competition

Symbiotic relationship

Parasite

Food chain/food web

Trophic level

Producer/consumer/Decomposer

Detritivore / Saprotrophs

Autotrophs / Heterotrophs

Carbon cycle

Carbon flux diagram

Greenhouse effect

Deforestation

Topic 5

Heritable Characteristics

Variation

Natural Selection

Sexual Reproduction

Random Mutation

Evolution

Fossil Record

Radioactive Aging

Ratio Of Carbon Isotopes

Selective Breeding

Artificial Selection

Homologous Structures

Pentadactyl Limbs

Continuous Variation

Discontinuous Variation

Competitive Advantage

Adaptive Radiation

Vertical Transmission

Horizontal Transmission

Multiple Resistance

MRSA

Binomial Naming System

Bryophyta

Coniferophyte

Coniferophyte

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Annelida

Mollusca

Arthropoda

Chordata

Dichotomous Key

Clade/Cladograms

Topic 6

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Synapses

Sensory Neurons

Motor Neurons

Interneurons

Resting potential

Action Potential

Depolarization

Hyperpolarization

Repolarization

Homeostasis

Positive Feedback/Negative Feedback

Insulin/Glucagon

Islets Of Langerhans

Diabetes(type I/Type II)

Hormones

Thyroxin

Leptin

Melatonin

Gametogenesis

Testosterone

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Estrogen

Progesterone

Topic 7

DNA gyrase

Helicase

DNA primase

DNA polymerase

DNA ligase

Leading strand

Lagging strand

Non-coding sequence

Telomere

Nucleosome

VNTR

Splicing

Intron

Promoter

Transcription factor

Polysome

Free ribosome

Bounded ribosome

DNA methylation

Histone acetylation

Codon

Anticodon

A/P/E site

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

Activation energy

Competitive inhibitor

Non-competitive inhibitor

End-product inhibition

Topic 8

Glycolysis

Phosphorylation

Link reaction

Krebs cycle

NADH

FADH2

Decarboxylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Electron transport chain

Electron carrier

Chemiosesmosis

Intermembrane space

Proton gradient

ATP synthase

Light reaction

Photosystem

Thylakoid

NADPH

Calvin cycle

RuBP

Rubisco

Lollipop apparatus

Topic 9&10

Transpiration

Potometer

Xerophyte

Xylem

Phloem

Translocation

Phototropism

Pollination

Fertilisation

Mutualism

Germination

Phytochrome

Independent assortment

Dihybrid cross

Epistasis

Synapsis

Chiasmata

Bivalent

Non-sister chromatids

Gene linkage

Chi-squared test

Continuous variation

Dis-continuous variation

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Reproductive isolation

Topic 11

Antigen

Plasma cell

Memory cell

Helper T cell

Histamine

Vaccination

Monoclonal antibody

Sarcomere

I/A/H band

Troponin

Tropomyosin

Cross bridge

Antagonistic muscle

Osmoregulation

Glomerulus

Ultrafiltration

Podocytes

Selective reabsorption

ADH

Dialysis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatocyte

Sertoli cell

Acrosome reaction

Oogenesis

Corpus luteum

Cortical reaction

Menstrual cycle

Blastocyst

hCG

Oxytocin

Umbilical cord

Placenta