人類和AI的關(guan) 係的初級版本討論就是人類和電子設備，或者更早的人類和機器之間的關(guan) 係，所以這會(hui) 是一個(ge) 持續和發展中的話題。
最近的來看，ChatGPT 等chatbot 哪怕在未來有了更升級版本的文字創造能力，更多適用的是一些不在乎文字原創的場合，比如回複email，寫(xie) 個(ge) 通知，列一個(ge) presentation 的提綱等。在一些測試人類寫(xie) 作能力的場合，比如考試，作業(ye) 等，隻要ChatGPT 還是被劃到作弊的行列，就還是需要人類自己去寫(xie) 的。所以目前來說，該寫(xie) 的還是得寫(xie) ，該提高的語言能力還是要提高。
提高絕對寫(xie) 作能力，大致有兩(liang) 個(ge) 維度，一個(ge) 是關(guan) 於(yu) 寫(xie) 作相關(guan) 的，比如基本的詞法，特別是句法一定要了解。一個(ge) 是閱讀相關(guan) 的，很多時候我們(men) 寫(xie) 不出來的東(dong) 西，是因為(wei) 存儲(chu) 的內(nei) 容不夠，那自然比較難產(chan) 生輸出。
以下就這兩(liang) 個(ge) 方麵分別展開下。
# 寫(xie) 作方麵
如果接受國內(nei) 語法教學體(ti) 係比較多的，一般會(hui) 對於(yu) 詞法比較了解，比如時態，語態，主謂一致等。通過選擇題的練習(xi) ，一般這部分知識會(hui) 很紮實，但因為(wei) 缺少長篇章的寫(xie) 方麵的實踐，所以句法的部分，比如副詞不能連接兩(liang) 句話，或者哪怕一些詞法的知識點，比如代詞的明確指代等往往會(hui) 意識不夠，如果有這方麵短板的，相關(guan) 的知識點要注意下。
如果是接受國外的語法教學體(ti) 係比較多的，一般學校老師對於(yu) 涉及語言使用的句法的反饋都是比較多的，隻是看同學的消化和吸收。一般同學構建句子可能問題不大，但是句間關(guan) 係會(hui) 比較亂(luan) ，容易前後句沒有關(guan) 係。如果有類似這個(ge) 問題的，可以看下下麵這個(ge) 知識點（來自於(yu) The Elements of Style）
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As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence, end it in conformity with the beginning. 如何寫(xie) 主題句
Again, the object is to aid the reader. (文章的最高宗旨是reader friendly) The practice here recommended enables him to discover the purpose of each paragraph as he begins to read it, and to retain this purpose in mind as he ends it. (段落從(cong) 第一句到最後一句，都圍繞同一個(ge) 主題來展開) For this reason, the most generally useful kind of paragraph, particularly in exposition and argument, is that in which
(a) the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning; Topic Sentence 建議放在第一句
(b) the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence; 第一句開始解釋或者展開第一句
and (c) the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence. 最後一句重申第一句
Ending with a digression, or with an unimportant detail, is particularly to be avoided.(最後一句不要寫(xie) 新的、無關(guan) 信息)
According to the writer's purpose, he may, as indicated above, relate the body of the paragraph to the topic sentence in one or more of several different ways. （從(cong) 第二句話開始的展開方式有很多種） He may make the meaning of the topic sentence clearer by restating it in other forms (可以做類比), by defining its terms (可以定義(yi) ), by denying the contrary (可以做對比), by giving illustrations or specific instances (可以舉(ju) 例子); he may establish it by proofs (可以說理); or he may develop it by showing its implications and consequences (可以“因果”展開). In a long paragraph, he may carry out several of these processes.(在一個(ge) 長段落裏，以上方法可以綜合使用)
例子：
1 It was chiefly in the eighteenth century that a very different conception of history grew up. 2 Historians then came to believe that their task was not so much to paint a picture as to solve a problem; to explain or illustrate the successive phases of national growth, prosperity, and adversity. 3 The history of morals, of industry, of intellect, and of art; the changes that take place in manners or beliefs; the dominant ideas that prevailed in successive periods; the rise, fall, and modification of political constitutions; in a word, all the conditions of national well-being became the subject of their works. 4 They sought rather to write a history of peoples than a history of kings. 5 They looked especially in history for the chain of causes and effects. 6 They undertook to study in the past the physiology of nations, and hoped by applying the experimental method on a large scale to deduce some lessons of real value about the conditions on which the welfare of society mainly depend.
1 Topic sentence. 主題句
2 The meaning of the topic sentence made clearer; the new conception of history defined.
具體(ti) 展開第一句裏的different conception of history
3 The definition expanded. 對於(yu) 第二句裏的solve a problem 進行展開，列舉(ju) 了各種problems
4 The definition explained by contrast. 用對比的方式展開：曆史覺得開始研究peoples，而不是kings
5 The definition supplemented: another element in the new conception of history. 前一個(ge) history 的conception 是用history 解決(jue) 問題；這一句話說的是在裏麵尋找因果報應
6 Conclusion: an important consequence of the new conception of history. 最後一句強調第一句裏麵提到的different conception of history 可能產(chan) 生的實際意義(yi)
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如果從(cong) 詞，到句，到句間，到段落的寫(xie) 部分的知識點，自己都是掌握的不錯的，那麽(me) 我們(men) 缺少的可能是信息的輸入了。
信息的輸入方式當然有很多，閱讀和聽力都可以是不錯的信息輸入方式，對於(yu) 大多數人來說，比較高效的信息輸入方式是閱讀。下麵說下針對提高寫(xie) 作方麵，可以怎麽(me) 去刻意閱讀。
# 閱讀方麵
為(wei) 了寫(xie) 作的話，閱讀時候可以注意積累下 1. 語料 2.文本結構 3. 文本表達
以下以機構 的文章為(wei) 例
## 語料
文章講的是現在孩子普遍相比於(yu) 以前在大人麵前沒有那麽(me) 拘束了，甚至有些會(hui) 做出老一輩覺得不合規矩的行為(wei) 。但是研究顯示這說明了現在的孩子生活在了一個(ge) 他們(men) 覺得安全的環境，因為(wei) 隻有在安全的環境下，在被尊重的環境下，孩子才敢表達真實的自我想法。 全文有很多內(nei) 容適合和parenting 有關(guan) 的題目。
Excerpts
We all know friends or relatives who would unequivocally say, “yes.” In their generation, they say, children knew their place and respected their elders. I certainly try to teach my kids about respect, and we talk ad nauseam about table manners and saying “please” and “thank you.” Still, the relationship many parents today have with their kids feels substantially different from parent-child relationships decades ago.
Much has been written about the shift in recent years toward more intensive, child-centered parenting, and one byproduct is that many parents today are less likely to bark out orders and punish their kids. They are more likely to empathize and engage in dialogue. Because of this, many children today feel more comfortable around adults, and they are more willing to challenge them and speak up when they feel the impulse.
...
“It can manifest as kids being a bit more assertive and opinionated, and maybe even more argumentative, and I think that the challenge is to not interpret that as a bad thing, but as an important and necessary process,” said Emily Loeb,
這個(ge) 段落適合以下今昔對比的題目; 也適合類似現在做家長比較難了的話題。
考場題目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, young people (ages 12- 18) behave badly (for example, by being Impolite or unkind) more often than young people did fifty years ago.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is much easier for parents to raise children today than it was 50 years ago.
Excerpts
Children of authoritarian parents are at an increased risk for anxiety and depression, exhibit more disruptive behavior and are more likely than other kids to have low self-esteem, studies have found.
“The science says that over time, fearing your parents makes you less confident in yourselfand more in need of external validation,”
...
One of Dr. Loeb’s recent studies, which followed kids from ages 13 to 32, found that children whose parents were psychologically controlling were less academically successful and less liked by their peers in adolescence compared with kids whose parents were not psychologically controlling.
適合類似家長要不要管太多，太嚴(yan) 厲的題目
考場題目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents must have strict rules if they want their children to be successful in life.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Parents today spend too much time trying to help determine the futures of their children; children should be allowed to make their own choices.
Some children prefer to socialize (get together and have fun) after school with very little involvement from parents or teachers; for example, they enjoy games or activities that they can organize and play safely without help from adults. Other children prefer to socialize after school by joining groups or participating in programs organized and monitored by adults. Which way of socializing after school do you think is most helpful for children's development? Why?
## 結構性的表達
in the short term... in the long term 的對比
e.g. In the short term, sure, kids might be better behaved. In the long term, children suffer.
This is not to say that 表示讓步
...
e.g.This is not to say that children don’t need rules, limits or consequences — they certainly do. So-called “permissive” parenting can pose problems, too, and has been linked to child self-centeredness and poor impulse control.
## 其他語言點
sow the seeds for... 為(wei) 什麽(me) ... 播下種子
e.g. Ultimately, what the research suggests is that harsh, strict parenting does not sow the seeds for healthy development...
take a toll 產(chan) 生嚴(yan) 重的不良影響
e.g. Battles in the classroom — over mask mandates and critical race theory — have also taken a toll, said Randi Weingarten, the president of the American Federation of Teachers, the country’s second-biggest teachers’ union.
大致的關(guan) 於(yu) 提高絕對寫(xie) 作能力的一個(ge) 梳理。
了解了以後，下一步就是多讀，多寫(xie) 了。
【競賽報名/項目谘詢+微信：mollywei007】
評論已經被關(guan) 閉。