GRE閱讀作者能有多扭捏(嚴謹) - 伟德的官网

GRE閱讀作者能有多扭捏(嚴謹)

我們(men) 知道一般閱讀把握到作者主要觀點有助於(yu) 解決(jue) 主旨題、目的題,甚至有的細節題也可以通過作者態度來排掉一些選項。但也要注意一篇文章除了主要觀點以及支撐主要觀點的細節以外,還會(hui) 出現跟主線不一致的信息。

比如我們(men) 課上講到的《LAB GRE閱讀一本全》第33篇,文章一開始呈現了早期觀點,後麵對這個(ge) 觀點做批判,但是在批判的過程中又although了一下,誇了一下要批判的觀點,這個(ge) 信息就跟整個(ge) 文章要表達的主要觀點方向不一致,如果直接用主要觀點來套它的作用就會(hui) 出錯。其實會(hui) 出現這樣的一些表達也很正常,一個(ge) 觀點如果本身既無事實支撐,又不符合邏輯,這樣的觀點也不值得作者專(zhuan) 門寫(xie) 個(ge) 文章來反駁。

所以在批判的過程中說說對手的好,固然有扭捏作態的嫌疑,但起碼能顯得作者嚴(yan) 謹,以及讓對手卸下防備更能接受作者的批判。這樣的結構就讓步,或者欲揚先抑。

除此之外,第二種顯得作者嚴(yan) 謹的結構叫預判反對:作者知道讀者可能會(hui) 拿一些事實來反對作者觀點,但作者先在文章裏說出來,再解釋一番,消解不利事實的意義(yi) 。第三種叫澄清誤解,就是作者本身有觀點,但可能會(hui) 被讀者誤讀,作者直接寫(xie) “我可不是說......”或者

我們(men) 分別來看一下讓步、預判反對和澄清誤解在GRE閱讀裏麵都是個(ge) 什麽(me) 樣子。

1. 讓步:

These researchers also claim that improvements of memory overnight can be explained by the mere passage of time, rather than attributed to sleep. But recent studies of memory performance after sleep — including one demonstrating that sleep stabilizes declarative memories from future interference caused by mental activity during wakefulness — make this claim unsustainable. Certainly there are memory consolidation processes that occur across periods of wakefulness, some of which neither depend on nor are enhanced by sleep. But when sleep is compared with wakefulness, and performance is better after sleep, then some benefit of sleep for memory must be acknowledged.

文章第一句就說有人認為(wei) 過了一晚上,記憶變好了,不是因為(wei) 晚上睡覺的作用,而僅(jin) 僅(jin) 是因為(wei) 時間的流逝,就是不睡覺,熬通宵也能提升記憶。But以後作者轉述最近研究說前麵的觀點不對,睡覺本身還是有作用的。我們(men) 期待的當然是作者展開講睡覺怎麽(me) 有作用,但是接下來作者扭捏了一下,說當然了有的記憶鞏固跟睡覺那確實沒關(guan) 係,然後再恢複正常說但相比之下睡覺還是很有用的。有一個(ge) 題目就問certainly那句話的作用,如果能理解到如上的內(nei) 容當然最好,如果時間比較緊,看邏輯詞也能看出來,第一句話是一個(ge) 靶子,第二句話but轉折,轉折之後的certainly/admittedly之類的一般都是讓步,所以最後選了一個(ge) 說certainly這句話在concede(讓步)的答案。

2. 預測反對:

In the country of Seligia where asbestos has been used extensively in construction, that use is about to be burned, because the exposure of construction workers to asbestos can cause a certain type of cancer. We can predict that the ban will result in reducing the incidence of that type of cancer in Seligia by as much as 50 percent.

It is true that more than 30 percent of the death certificates of Seligians who have died of that cancer have “construction” listed as the deceased's occupation. The cancer takes about 20 years after exposure to develop, however, and Seligians who have worked in construction commonly turn to less strenuous occupations as they age. Seligian death certificates indicate only the deceased's last occupation.

文章的意思就是作者認為(wei) 有了禁令能夠救助多達50%的人。第二段開始說確實隻有30%多相關(guan) 逝者把建築列為(wei) 自己的職業(ye) ,預測和一個(ge) 實際數據相差20%,這樣看起來作者預測有點誇大了。但是!機智的作者預判了別人的反對,後麵接著解釋說,逝者職業(ye) 隻會(hui) 列最後的職業(ye) ,其實還有挺多人是以前幹過建築行業(ye) ,後來做了別的,它們(men) 本身得病也是因為(wei) asbestos。所以禁令可以挽救直接相關(guan) 的30%再加上以前相關(guan) 一部分人,這樣30%這個(ge) 數據本身就不足以用來反對作者50%這個(ge) 觀點。題目問兩(liang) 個(ge) 高亮句子的作用,答案是The first is a prediction that the argument seeks to defend, the second presents evidence that if not supplemented would cast doubt on that judgment.第一個(ge) 句子是論證要捍衛的預測;第二個(ge) 句子呈現了一些證據,這些證據如果不進行補充說明的話,就可能會(hui) 反駁作者的判斷。但恰恰因為(wei) 作者後麵補充了,所以第二個(ge) 句子呈現的事實沒能駁倒作者的判斷。

3. 澄清誤解。

Except in special situations, human beings' battle with mosquitoes will not be won by a simple campaign to eliminate the insects. Social tradition and habits, it seems, do much to ensure continual contact between mosquitoes and people. On the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, for example, mosquitoes breed in the leaf axils of a plant called dracaena. Although dracaena is not a food plant for humans, its use as a hedge or boundary marker is deeply rooted in tradition. Here, as in other parts of the world, human behavior ensures contact and conflict between people and mosquitoes.

I am not advocating a policy of live and let live; we already know that living with mosquitoes is very unpleasant. But until we accomplish the difficult task of understanding how our habits often perpetuate--even create--our problems, efforts to resolve our battle with mosquitoes will probably fail.

這篇文章第三題是要求Select a sentence in which a potential misinterpretation of the author's position is addressed. 選一個(ge) 句子,這個(ge) 句子處理了對作者觀點的一種可能誤解。文章一開始說是人類的習(xi) 俗導致會(hui) 跟蚊子常有接觸。後來舉(ju) 了個(ge) 例子說你看果然就是人類自己害自己。第二段第一句說“我可不是在鼓吹自己活也讓別人活湊合過;......”這句話就是典型的澄清誤解,讀的時候能明顯感覺到作者的求生欲。作者說我隻是在講會(hui) 這麽(me) 慘的原因,並不等於(yu) 我認為(wei) 我們(men) 隻能這麽(me) 慘下去。所以答案就是這句話。

【競賽報名/項目谘詢+微信:mollywei007】

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