托福考試中的Paraphrasing

托福口語和托福寫(xie) 作兩(liang) 個(ge) 單項中,轉述是一項非常重要的能力。即便考生的口語回答和寫(xie) 作文章的表述非常流暢,易於(yu) 理解,且語法正確,如果其中有大量的內(nei) 容來自於(yu) 閱讀材料、聽力講座、或者是題目原詞,也有可能獲得一個(ge) 非常低的分數。

重複所看到和聽到的單詞是一個(ge) 非常容易出現卻很難自我意識到的問題。在一些非學術、相對日常的英語表達中,這種重複是可以的。但在學術考試,特別是語言考試中,這絕對不是一個(ge) “明智”的做法。從(cong) 長遠的角度來看,這種表達習(xi) 慣很容易在大學裏變成抄襲行為(wei) (Plagiarism and copying)。美國大學對這種行為(wei) 有著非常嚴(yan) 格的規定,一旦被判定為(wei) 抄襲,就會(hui) 出現成績作廢(fail in assignment),留校察看(academic probation),甚至是被校方開除(expulsion)。

所以,在備考托福時,南瓜君建議同學們(men) 一定要練習(xi) ,並培養(yang) 自己轉述的能力。不僅(jin) 要做到熟練,還要保證可以自然地融入自己的表達中。我們(men) 先用一個(ge) 簡單的例子來給各位同學們(men) 解釋什麽(me) 是Paraphrasing:

直接引用direct speech):John said, “I think the university’s new policy is a bad idea.”

間接引用indirect speech):John said that the university’s new policy was a bad idea.

轉述Paraphrasing):John said that the changes the university made to their policy seemed like a mistake.

可見,轉述不僅(jin) 僅(jin) 是使用不用的表達方式傳(chuan) 遞同樣的信息,而是在充分理解了信息的基礎上,用適合自己的,自己喜歡的語言進行信息的二次傳(chuan) 遞。所以,轉述既體(ti) 現了語言水平,也證明了考生充分理解了題目信息。

我們(men) 再來看一個(ge) 例子:

托福考試中的Paraphrasing

在口語綜合題task 2中,考生都需要先對閱讀材料進行總結和轉述。南瓜君以這篇passage為(wei) 例,給大家示範了以下4種轉述之後的表達方式:

Paraphrase 1:

The university will discontinue the sculpture program. Administrators say students simply don’t have much interest in sculpture anymore, and the one sculpture professor in the art department is about to retire anyway.

Paraphrase 2:

University officials have announced that the sculpture program will be cancelled. They cite declining student interest as one of the main reasons for the cancellation. Another issue is a lack of instructors; the only teacher of sculpture courses will be retiring shortly. Finally, the art department doesn’t have enough money for more sculpture classes.

Paraphrase 3:

The school’s sculpture classes are all about to be permanently removed from the art department’s offerings, as students are no longer interested in sculpture, the only sculpture professor is leaving, and there is not enough funding to keep offering these courses.

Paraphrase 4:

The art department at the university is getting more and more students, but at the same time, fewer and fewer students are enrolling in sculpture classes. Because students are no longer interested in sculpture and because the sculpture professor is retiring, school administrators decided to cancel the sculpture program.

轉述的方式可以是多種多樣的,但是南瓜君建議同學們(men) 記住2點Paraphrasing的原則:一是轉述之後的內(nei) 容宜短不宜長,二是盡可能少的使用原詞。

【競賽報名/項目谘詢+微信:mollywei007】

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