雅思寫作開頭段基本結構及改寫策略

雅思作文開頭段一般30-60字，2-3句話，包括三項任務：引出現象/問題，重述題目的觀點，給出自己的觀點。部分同學喜歡花很多筆墨去寫(xie) 背景（比如“隨著社會(hui) 和經濟的發展”這類背景），這是完全沒有必要的，因為(wei) 這類大背景往往與(yu) 作文要討論的話題並無直接關(guan) 聯。我們(men) 建議，無論遇到什麽(me) 題目，都應直入主題，即直接寫(xie) 現象/問題，然後重述題目觀點，最後給出自己觀點。如：

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? （《劍橋雅思9》，test 1）

下麵是該書(shu) 給出的高分範文開頭段：

Traditionally, children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary school, but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or individual schools, with both positive and negative outcomes.

本段共37字，分為(wei) 2句。第一句重述題目中的觀點：有些專(zhuan) 家讓孩子們(men) 從(cong) 小學開始學習(xi) 外語。第二句提出自己的觀點：這樣做產(chan) 生的結果有好也有壞。第二句表明，本文即將采取雙邊討論策略，即分析從(cong) 小學開始學外語的好處和壞處。再如：

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighbourhood or teaching sports to younger children). To what extent do you agree or disagree?（《劍橋雅思9》, test 2）

下麵是該書(shu) 給出的高分範文開頭段：

It has been suggested that high school students should be involved in unpaid community services as a compulsory part of high school programmes. Most of the colleges are already providing opportunities to give work experience, however these are not compulsory. In my opinion, sending students to work in community services is a good idea as it can provide them with many sorts of valuable skills.

本段共65字，分為(wei) 3句。第一句重述題目觀點，第二句指出現象，第三句給出自己的觀點。第三句表明，本文即將采取一邊倒策略，即討論孩子從(cong) 事免費社會(hui) 服務工作到底能給他們(men) 帶來哪些技能。

重述題目內(nei) 容時，建議考生不要照搬原文，而是要對原文進行改寫(xie) 。改寫(xie) 的方法通常有：同義(yi) 詞替換、主動句和被動句轉換、改變主語（因此改變句型）、適當提供細節。以下來看幾個(ge) 例子。

例1 題目句：Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes...（《劍橋雅思9》, test 2）

改寫(xie) 句：It has been suggested that high school students should be involved in unpaid community services as a compulsory part of high school programmes...

這裏的改寫(xie) 有：

(1) 將題目中的主動句some people believe that...改成了被動句it has been suggested that...

(2) 將題目從(cong) 句中的主語unpaid community service改成了high school students，由此導致後麵的謂語動詞及句型調整。

例2 題目句：Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.（《劍橋雅思10》, test 3）

改寫(xie) 句：It is said that countries are becoming similar to each other because of the global spread of the same products, which are now available for purchase almost anywhere.

這裏的改寫(xie) 有：

（1）套加了it is said that...句型。

（2）將題目because引導的從(cong) 句變成了because of+名詞+which引導的非限定性定於(yu) 從(cong) 句。

例3 題目句：In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. (200806)

改寫(xie) 句：It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.

這裏的改寫(xie) 有：

（1）套加了it is quite common for...to do...句型。

（2）提供了young people的兩(liang) 種類型：rich students and poor students，指出兩(liang) 類學生都在做have a break from studying的事情。

例4 題目句：In some countries, there has been an increase in the number of parents who educate their children themselves at home instead of sending them to school. （160213）

改寫(xie) 句：Contrary to the conventional practice of sending their kids to school, more and more parents today choose to educate their children themselves at home.

這裏的改寫(xie) 有：

（1）將題目中的instead of sending them to school改為(wei) contrary to the conventional practice of sending their kids to school。

（2）將題目中的there be存在句型：there has been an increase in the number of parents who educate their children themselves...，改為(wei) 主動句型：more and more parents choose to educate their children themselves at home。

例5 題目句：More and more people are using mobiles phoness and computers to communicate. Therefore, they are losing the ability to communicate with each other face to face. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（161126）

改寫(xie) 句：We live in a world where communication through modern technologies such as the smart phones and computer is so prevalent that it’s hard to go anywhere without seeing someone texting, emailing, writing blogs, and tweeting.

這裏的改寫(xie) 有：

（1）將題目中More and more people are using mobiles phoness and computers...這一句型置換為(wei) 改寫(xie) We live in a world where communication through modern technologies such as the smart phones and computer is so prevalent...

（2）將題目中to communicate細節化為(wei) someone texting, emailing, writing blogs, and tweeting.

練習(xi) ：改寫(xie) 下麵的題目，寫(xie) 出第一段。

第一段：（1）In many countries women are allowed to take maternity leave from their jobs during the first months after the birth of their baby. Does advantages outweigh disadvantages?（181013）

第一段：（2）Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（160716）

第一段：（3）With the increasing demand for energy sources of oil and gas, people should look for sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of damaging such areas? (220625)